In Denmark, we have established rent boards (huslejenævn) to be the first entity to rule in disputes between tenants and landlords – this is done to avoid overburdening the court system with cases. Due to this, the rent boards make faster rulings but are also less thorough and do not require the tenant to have representation if they don’t want to.
A verdict from the rent board can be appealed to the housing court (and from the housing court to the district court as the last instance). In court cases the winning party will be appointed court cost by the losing party which is typically 30.000-40.000DKK to cover costs for representation – this is why many tenants who are being sued, typically do not go to court as the risk might outway the benefits.